{
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 — Tremon Solutions, https://www.tremon.nl/gases/r22",
 "generated": "2026-09-17",
 "key": "r22",
 "name": "HCFC-22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)",
 "formula": "CHClF₂",
 "formula_plain": "CHClF2",
 "iupac": "chloro(difluoro)methane",
 "synonyms": [
  "Difluorochloromethane",
  "Fluorocarbon-22",
  "Freon® 22",
  "Genetron® 22",
  "Monochlorodifluoromethane",
  "Refrigerant 22"
 ],
 "cas": "75-45-6",
 "ec_number": "200-871-9",
 "un_number": "1018",
 "un_shipping_name": "Chlorodifluoromethane",
 "transport_class": "2.2 (Non-flammable, non-toxic gases)",
 "pubchem_cid": 6372,
 "molar_mass_g_mol": 86.47,
 "mg_m3_per_ppm_20c": 3.59,
 "boiling_point_c": -40.9,
 "sublimation_point_c": null,
 "melting_point_c": -157.3,
 "critical_temp_c": 96.2,
 "critical_pressure_bar": 49.9,
 "vapour_pressure_bar": 9.081,
 "vapour_pressure_at_c": 20.0,
 "density_gas_kg_m3": 3.9341,
 "density_condition": "0 °C, 1013 mbar",
 "relative_density_air": 3.03,
 "solubility_water": "3 g/l at 25 °C",
 "appearance": "gas liquefied under pressure, colourless, weak, sweetish odour, Slight odour warning effect at low concentration.",
 "odour": "weak, sweetish odour",
 "chemical_character": [
  "Non-combustible gas.",
  "Moderately soluble in water.",
  "Gas is heavier than air.",
  "The substance is hazardous to the ozone layer.",
  "Acute or chronic health hazards result from the substance.",
  "(see: chapter REGULATIONS)."
 ],
 "hazard_class": "asphyxiant; ozone-depleting + greenhouse gas (HCFC)",
 "ghs_classification": [
  "Gases under pressure, liquefied gas; H280",
  "Hazardous to the ozone layer, Category 1; H420"
 ],
 "ghs_signal_word": "Warning",
 "ghs_hazard_statements": [
  "H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.",
  "H420: Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upperatmosphere"
 ],
 "euh_statements": [],
 "nfpa704": {
  "health": 1,
  "flammability": 0,
  "instability": 0,
  "special": null
 },
 "lel_vol_pct": null,
 "uel_vol_pct": null,
 "autoignition_c": 635.0,
 "temperature_class": "T1",
 "explosion_group": null,
 "eu_ioelv": {
  "twa_8h_ppm": 1000.0,
  "twa_8h_mg_m3": 3600.0,
  "stel_15min_ppm": null,
  "stel_15min_mg_m3": null,
  "directive": "Directive 2000/39/EC"
 },
 "de_agw": {
  "twa_ppm": null,
  "twa_mg_m3": null,
  "source": "TRGS 900 via GESTIS"
 },
 "nl_grenswaarde": {
  "note": "Netherlands: wettelijke grenswaarden (Arboregeling, bijlage XIII) — check the SER grenswaarden database (https://www.ser.nl/nl/thema/arbeidsomstandigheden/grenswaarden) for the current legal value; EU IOELVs are transposed into it."
 },
 "niosh_rel": {
  "twa_ppm": 1000.0,
  "stel_or_ceiling_ppm": 1250.0,
  "raw": "TWA 1000 ppm (3500 mg/m3) ST 1250 ppm (4375 mg/m3)"
 },
 "osha_pel": "none See Appendix G",
 "idlh_ppm": null,
 "idlh_raw": "N.D.",
 "gwp100": {
  "ar4": 1810,
  "ar6": 1960,
  "eu_fgas_2024_573_annex": null
 },
 "atmospheric_lifetime_years": 11.9,
 "odp": null,
 "gwp_note": "HCFC-22 is a Montreal Protocol Annex C substance (ODP 0.055 per Protocol tables); not listed in Reg. 2024/573 Annex I (HCFCs are Annex II / ODS Regulation (EU) 2024/590).",
 "seveso_named": false,
 "health_effects": "Low toxicity; asphyxiant, cardiac sensitisation and mild CNS depression at high %. EU IOELV 1000 ppm. Decomposition in flames → HF, HCl, phosgene traces.",
 "main_toxic_effects_gestis": "Acute: \nFrostbite resulting from direct contact with liquified R22 or with gas expanded from a pressure vessel;\ndisturbances to the central nervous system and heart function at high concentrations,\ndanger of suffocation due to the displacement of oxygen \nChronic: \nVery minor toxic potential (insufficient information on target organs) [2050, 7619]",
 "routes_of_exposure": "Main routes of exposure\nThe main intake pathway for chlorodifluoromethane (R22) is via the respiratory tract. \nRespiratory tract\nInhaled R22 can enter the bloodstream rapidly but most of it is immediately exhaled because of the low blood/air partition coefficient. When volunteers were exposed to 327 and 1833 mg/m³, steady state was reached within the first hour between the concentration in the inhaled and exhaled air and the blood. The amount retained in the body was very low at 2.7% of the dose inhaled. The results of animal experiments indicate that the proportion retained is still comparably very low at much higher exposure. [2050, 99997]\nSkin\nThe uptake through the skin is not expected to be toxicologically relevant (kinetics has not been investigated).\nIf liquified R22 gets onto the skin, the contact time is very limited because it evaporates immediately. Uptake via the skin during a stay in an atmosphere containing R22 gas cannot not be excluded but the amount taken up is considered not to be of any significance. \nGastrointestinal tract\nR22 is a gas at room temperature and is hardly soluble in water (minimum solubility in ciliary fluids). For this reason, uptake via the gastrointestinal tract is not relevant.",
 "ir_absorption_band_um": "8.8–9.2 µm (C–F stretch, ≈1100 cm⁻¹); 12.4 µm (C–Cl)",
 "monitoring": [
  "NDIR (8.9 µm) for HCFC-22 leak monitoring on legacy plants (service with virgin R-22 banned in the EU since 2015; monitoring of the installed base continues).",
  "Alarm 500 ppm (IOELV 1000 ppm); floor level."
 ],
 "regulation_windows": [
  "ODS Regulation (EU) 2024/590 — HCFC use banned (servicing since 2015); leak monitoring on legacy plants",
  "Workplace: EU IOELV 1000 ppm (Dir. 2000/39/EC)"
 ],
 "tremon_products": [
  "IR·SF₆/refrigerant transmitter (R-22 range)",
  "IR·OEM channel"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "https://gestis-database.dguv.de/data?name=031370",
  "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0124.html",
  "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6372",
  "IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch.7 Supplementary Material, Table 7.SM.7 (https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter07_SM.pdf)",
  "IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch.2, Table 2.14 (https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter2-1.pdf)",
  "HITRAN/NIST IR band positions (approximate centre of the strongest band used for NDIR; https://hitran.org, https://webbook.nist.gov)"
 ]
}