{
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 — Tremon Solutions, https://www.tremon.nl/gases/r134a",
 "generated": "2026-09-17",
 "key": "r134a",
 "name": "HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)",
 "formula": "C₂H₂F₄",
 "formula_plain": "C2H2F4",
 "iupac": "1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane",
 "synonyms": [],
 "cas": "811-97-2",
 "ec_number": "212-377-0",
 "un_number": "3159",
 "un_shipping_name": "1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane",
 "transport_class": "2.2 (Non-flammable, non-toxic gases)",
 "pubchem_cid": 13129,
 "molar_mass_g_mol": 102.04,
 "mg_m3_per_ppm_20c": 4.24,
 "boiling_point_c": -26.1,
 "sublimation_point_c": null,
 "melting_point_c": -108.0,
 "critical_temp_c": 101.0,
 "critical_pressure_bar": 40.6,
 "vapour_pressure_bar": 2.0,
 "vapour_pressure_at_c": -10.0,
 "density_gas_kg_m3": 4.24,
 "density_condition": "20 °C, 1 bar (ideal gas, M/24.04)",
 "relative_density_air": 3.59,
 "solubility_water": "67 mg/l at 25 °C",
 "appearance": "gas liquefied under pressure, colourless, faint ethereal odour",
 "odour": "faint ethereal odour",
 "chemical_character": [
  "Non-combustible gas.",
  "Only slightly soluble in water.",
  "Gas is heavier than air.",
  "Danger of suffocation at high concentrations due to oxygen displacement."
 ],
 "hazard_class": "asphyxiant; greenhouse gas (F-gas Annex I)",
 "ghs_classification": [
  "Gases under pressure, liquefied gas; H280"
 ],
 "ghs_signal_word": "Warning",
 "ghs_hazard_statements": [
  "H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated."
 ],
 "euh_statements": [],
 "nfpa704": {
  "health": 1,
  "flammability": 0,
  "instability": 0,
  "special": null
 },
 "lel_vol_pct": null,
 "uel_vol_pct": null,
 "autoignition_c": null,
 "temperature_class": null,
 "explosion_group": null,
 "eu_ioelv": {
  "twa_8h_ppm": null,
  "twa_8h_mg_m3": null,
  "stel_15min_ppm": null,
  "stel_15min_mg_m3": null,
  "directive": null
 },
 "de_agw": {
  "twa_ppm": 1000.0,
  "twa_mg_m3": 4200.0,
  "source": "TRGS 900 via GESTIS"
 },
 "nl_grenswaarde": {
  "note": "Netherlands: wettelijke grenswaarden (Arboregeling, bijlage XIII) — check the SER grenswaarden database (https://www.ser.nl/nl/thema/arbeidsomstandigheden/grenswaarden) for the current legal value; EU IOELVs are transposed into it."
 },
 "niosh_rel": {
  "twa_ppm": null,
  "stel_or_ceiling_ppm": null,
  "raw": null
 },
 "osha_pel": null,
 "idlh_ppm": null,
 "idlh_raw": null,
 "gwp100": {
  "ar4": 1430,
  "ar6": 1530,
  "eu_fgas_2024_573_annex": 1430
 },
 "atmospheric_lifetime_years": 14,
 "odp": 0,
 "gwp_note": null,
 "seveso_named": false,
 "health_effects": "Low acute toxicity; simple asphyxiant at high concentration, cardiac sensitisation (arrhythmia) at very high % as with all halocarbons. Liquid contact → frostbite. Thermal decomposition yields HF and COF₂.",
 "main_toxic_effects_gestis": "Acute effects: Exposure to highly concentrated vapours or aerosols might entail slight irritations of the mucosae, cardiovascular disorders, narcotic effects; hypothermia or frostbite after skin or eye contact with the fluid.\nChronic effects: Data for humans are not available.",
 "routes_of_exposure": "Main routes of exposure\nThe main route of exposure for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane (R 134a) is via the respiratory tract.\nRespiratory tract\nA 10- to 15-minute exposure of rats or dogs to the inhalation of 50,000 ppm of R 134a soon led to a relatively constant blood concentration with a magnitude of 50 mg/l.\nThis amount corresponds to a resorption rate of approx. 1%.\nSkin\nInformation on skin resorption is not available.\nDue to the low boiling point of the fluid the contact time for the resorption of toxicologically relevant amounts appears to be minor.\nHowever, in extreme cases this route of exposure must be considered.\nGastrointestinal tract\nData are not available.\nOral intake – also accidental oral intake – is very improbable due to the low boiling point of the fluid, which boils intensively and vaporises rapidly under normal pressure.",
 "ir_absorption_band_um": "8.4–8.6 µm (C–F stretch, ≈1180 cm⁻¹); 7.5–9.5 µm region",
 "monitoring": [
  "NDIR (8.5 µm) is the only practical fixed method for refrigerant leak detection at ppm levels in machine rooms (EN 378, F-gas leak checks); EC cells are not selective. Heavier than air — sensors near the floor.",
  "Alarms: 500 ppm typical (EN 378 practical limit ~ 50 000 ppm for A1 gases is far higher than F-gas leak-detection needs)."
 ],
 "regulation_windows": [
  "F-gas 2024/573 Annex I (GWP 1430) — leak checks (Art. 4/5), leak-detection systems, phase-down quota; MAC directive banned in new cars since 2017",
  "EN 378 machinery-room detection"
 ],
 "tremon_products": [
  "IR·SF₆/refrigerant transmitter (R-134a range)",
  "IR·OEM channel"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "https://gestis-database.dguv.de/data?name=491009",
  "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/13129",
  "IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch.7 Supplementary Material, Table 7.SM.7 (https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter07_SM.pdf)",
  "IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch.2, Table 2.14 (https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter2-1.pdf)",
  "Regulation (EU) 2024/573, Annex I/III (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/573/oj)",
  "HITRAN/NIST IR band positions (approximate centre of the strongest band used for NDIR; https://hitran.org, https://webbook.nist.gov)",
  "PubChem CID 13129 (HSDB: vapour pressure 4990 mmHg at 25 °C; ICSC relative vapour density 3.5)"
 ]
}