{
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 — Tremon Solutions, https://www.tremon.nl/gases/c3h8",
 "generated": "2026-09-17",
 "key": "c3h8",
 "name": "Propane",
 "formula": "C₃H₈",
 "formula_plain": "C3H8",
 "iupac": "propane",
 "synonyms": [
  "Bottled gas",
  "Dimethyl methane",
  "n-Propane",
  "Propyl hydride"
 ],
 "cas": "74-98-6",
 "ec_number": "200-827-9",
 "un_number": "1978",
 "un_shipping_name": "Propane",
 "transport_class": "2.1 (Flammable Gases)",
 "pubchem_cid": 6334,
 "molar_mass_g_mol": 44.1,
 "mg_m3_per_ppm_20c": 1.83,
 "boiling_point_c": -42.1,
 "sublimation_point_c": null,
 "melting_point_c": -187.7,
 "critical_temp_c": 96.8,
 "critical_pressure_bar": 42.6,
 "vapour_pressure_bar": 8.367,
 "vapour_pressure_at_c": 20.0,
 "density_gas_kg_m3": 2.0098,
 "density_condition": "0 °C, 1013 mbar",
 "relative_density_air": 1.55,
 "solubility_water": "42,4 ml/l at 20 °C",
 "appearance": "gas liquefied under pressure, colourless, odourless",
 "odour": "odourless",
 "chemical_character": [
  "Extremely flammable gas. Forms hazardous explosive mixtures with air.",
  "Only slightly soluble in water.",
  "Gas is heavier than air."
 ],
 "hazard_class": "flammable (simple asphyxiant)",
 "ghs_classification": [
  "Flammable gases, Category 1; H220",
  "Gases under pressure, liquefied gas; H280"
 ],
 "ghs_signal_word": "Danger",
 "ghs_hazard_statements": [
  "H220: Extremely flammable gas.",
  "H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated."
 ],
 "euh_statements": [],
 "nfpa704": {
  "health": 1,
  "flammability": 4,
  "instability": 0,
  "special": "SA"
 },
 "lel_vol_pct": 1.7,
 "uel_vol_pct": 10.8,
 "autoignition_c": 470.0,
 "temperature_class": "T1",
 "explosion_group": "IIA",
 "eu_ioelv": {
  "twa_8h_ppm": null,
  "twa_8h_mg_m3": null,
  "stel_15min_ppm": null,
  "stel_15min_mg_m3": null,
  "directive": null
 },
 "de_agw": {
  "twa_ppm": 1000.0,
  "twa_mg_m3": 1800.0,
  "source": "TRGS 900 via GESTIS"
 },
 "nl_grenswaarde": {
  "note": "Netherlands: wettelijke grenswaarden (Arboregeling, bijlage XIII) — check the SER grenswaarden database (https://www.ser.nl/nl/thema/arbeidsomstandigheden/grenswaarden) for the current legal value; EU IOELVs are transposed into it."
 },
 "niosh_rel": {
  "twa_ppm": 1000.0,
  "stel_or_ceiling_ppm": null,
  "raw": "TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)"
 },
 "osha_pel": "TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)",
 "idlh_ppm": 2100.0,
 "idlh_raw": "2100 ppm [10%LEL]",
 "gwp100": {
  "ar4": null,
  "ar6": null,
  "eu_fgas_2024_573_annex": null
 },
 "atmospheric_lifetime_years": null,
 "odp": 0,
 "gwp_note": null,
 "seveso_named": true,
 "health_effects": "Simple asphyxiant and mild CNS depressant at high %; NIOSH REL 1000 ppm. Main hazard is fire/explosion (LEL 1.7 vol%); 1.5× heavier than air — accumulates at floor level.",
 "main_toxic_effects_gestis": "Acute: \nFrostbite following skin contact with the gas which has been let down;\ncentral-nervous disturbances;\nin extreme situations suffocation due to oxygen deficiency\nChronic: \nDessication of the mucous membranes, cough, gastrointestinal disturbances and functional changes to the heart through high concentrations",
 "routes_of_exposure": "Main routes of exposure\nThe only toxicologically relevant intake pathway for propane (P.) proceeds via the respiratory tract.\nRespiratory tract\nKinetic studies on mice provided detectable concentrations of metabolites and also showed absorptive-toxic effects, so effective absorption could be assumed.\nHowever, because of the high vapor pressure, the amount really retained is probably low.\nSkin\nThe amount absorbable through the skin is considered to be small.\nThis is plausible because the gas is poorly soluble in water (62.4 mg/l at 20 degrees C) and even liquid homologues of P., eg pentane, 2-methylpentane or hexane only showed penetration rates of a few µg/cm2 x h under occlusive conditions.\nGastrointestinal tract\nAs a result of the physico-chemical properties, unintentional oral intake of toxicologically relevant concentrations is not possible under conditions encountered in practice.",
 "ir_absorption_band_um": "3.4 µm (C–H stretch, 2960 cm⁻¹); 6.8–7.2 µm (CH₂/CH₃ deformation)",
 "monitoring": [
  "NDIR (3.4 µm) for %LEL detection of LPG in boiler rooms, forklifts halls, LPG stores; catalytic beads for legacy loops. Heavier than air — sensors 30 cm above floor.",
  "Alarms 10 %LEL / 20 %LEL (EN 60079-29-1 systems)."
 ],
 "regulation_windows": [
  "ATEX / EN 60079-29-1 — %LEL detection; LPG installations",
  "Workplace: NIOSH REL 1000 ppm; DE AGW 1000 ppm"
 ],
 "tremon_products": [
  "TRM-EX (%LEL)",
  "IR·OEM hydrocarbon channel"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "https://gestis-database.dguv.de/data?name=010020",
  "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0524.html",
  "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6334",
  "IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch.7 Supplementary Material, Table 7.SM.7 (https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter07_SM.pdf)",
  "HITRAN/NIST IR band positions (approximate centre of the strongest band used for NDIR; https://hitran.org, https://webbook.nist.gov)"
 ]
}