{
 "license": "CC BY 4.0 — Tremon Solutions, https://www.tremon.nl/gases/c2h4",
 "generated": "2026-09-17",
 "key": "c2h4",
 "name": "Ethylene",
 "formula": "C₂H₄",
 "formula_plain": "C2H4",
 "iupac": "ethene",
 "synonyms": [],
 "cas": "74-85-1",
 "ec_number": "200-815-3",
 "un_number": "1962",
 "un_shipping_name": "Ethylene",
 "transport_class": "2.1 (Flammable Gases)",
 "pubchem_cid": 6325,
 "molar_mass_g_mol": 28.05,
 "mg_m3_per_ppm_20c": 1.17,
 "boiling_point_c": -103.8,
 "sublimation_point_c": null,
 "melting_point_c": -169.18,
 "critical_temp_c": 9.2,
 "critical_pressure_bar": 50.2,
 "vapour_pressure_bar": 32.4,
 "vapour_pressure_at_c": -10.0,
 "density_gas_kg_m3": 1.178,
 "density_condition": "15 °C, 1 bar",
 "relative_density_air": 0.97,
 "solubility_water": "Concentration: 130 mg/l",
 "appearance": "gas liquefied under pressure, colourless, faint sweet odour",
 "odour": "faint sweet odour",
 "chemical_character": [
  "Extremely flammable gas. Forms hazardous explosive mixtures with air.",
  "Only slightly soluble in water.",
  "Danger of suffocation at high concentrations due to oxygen displacement.",
  "Acute or chronic health hazards result from the substance.",
  "(see: chapter REGULATIONS).",
  "For ethylene in cryogenic liquefied form, see data sheet ZVG 12711 \"Ethylene, cryogenic liquefied\"."
 ],
 "hazard_class": "flammable (simple asphyxiant)",
 "ghs_classification": [
  "Flammable gases, Category 1; H220",
  "Gases under pressure, liquefied gas; H280",
  "Specific Target Organ Toxicity (single exposure), Category 3; H336"
 ],
 "ghs_signal_word": "Danger",
 "ghs_hazard_statements": [
  "H220: Extremely flammable gas.",
  "H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.",
  "H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness."
 ],
 "euh_statements": [],
 "nfpa704": {
  "health": 2,
  "flammability": 4,
  "instability": 2,
  "special": "SA"
 },
 "lel_vol_pct": 2.4,
 "uel_vol_pct": 32.6,
 "autoignition_c": 440.0,
 "temperature_class": "T2",
 "explosion_group": "IIB",
 "eu_ioelv": {
  "twa_8h_ppm": null,
  "twa_8h_mg_m3": null,
  "stel_15min_ppm": null,
  "stel_15min_mg_m3": null,
  "directive": null
 },
 "de_agw": {
  "twa_ppm": null,
  "twa_mg_m3": null,
  "source": "TRGS 900 via GESTIS"
 },
 "nl_grenswaarde": {
  "note": "Netherlands: wettelijke grenswaarden (Arboregeling, bijlage XIII) — check the SER grenswaarden database (https://www.ser.nl/nl/thema/arbeidsomstandigheden/grenswaarden) for the current legal value; EU IOELVs are transposed into it."
 },
 "niosh_rel": {
  "twa_ppm": null,
  "stel_or_ceiling_ppm": null,
  "raw": null
 },
 "osha_pel": null,
 "idlh_ppm": null,
 "idlh_raw": null,
 "gwp100": {
  "ar4": null,
  "ar6": null,
  "eu_fgas_2024_573_annex": null
 },
 "atmospheric_lifetime_years": null,
 "odp": 0,
 "gwp_note": null,
 "seveso_named": true,
 "health_effects": "Simple asphyxiant and mild anaesthetic at high %; the practical hazard is flammability (LEL 2.4 vol%, UEL 32.6 vol%, IIB). Ripening hormone — ppm levels matter for produce storage, not for health.",
 "main_toxic_effects_gestis": "Acute effects: \nCold injuries after direct contact with extremely cold liquified ethene or expanded cold gas;\nmassive inhalation impairs the central nervous system.\nChronic effects: \nInformation relevant to humans is not available.",
 "routes_of_exposure": "Main routes of exposure\nThe main route of exposure for ethylene (E) is via the respiratory tract.\nRespiratory tract\nE is only slightly resorbed after inhalation.\nClearance of inhaled atmosphere that contains E amounted to 25 l/h in a person with a body weight of 70 kg. This value represents only 5.6 % of the identified alvelolar ventilation rate of 450 l/h. This result indicates that 94.4% of the E that enters the lungs is exhaled in unchanged form.\nIn the steady state, alveolar retention amounts only to approx. 2% when the external exposure does not exceed 50 ppm.\nThis lower resorption rate was explained by the low solubility of the substance in the blood.\nSkin\nInformation on skin resorption is not available.\nGastrointestinal tract\nUnder real conditions it must not be assumed that toxicologically relevant amounts of the gaseous E are resorbed via the digestive tract.",
 "ir_absorption_band_um": "10.5 µm (ν₇ CH₂ wag, 949 cm⁻¹); 3.2–3.3 µm C–H stretch",
 "monitoring": [
  "NDIR (10.5 µm or 3.3 µm) for ripening rooms (ppm), petrochemical process %-ranges and %LEL safety; catalytic sensors for legacy LEL.",
  "Alarm 10/20 %LEL; ripening control 10–150 ppm."
 ],
 "regulation_windows": [
  "ATEX / EN 60079-29-1 — %LEL detection",
  "Post-harvest storage (no OEL of concern)"
 ],
 "tremon_products": [
  "IR·OEM C₂H₄ channel",
  "TRM-EX (%LEL)"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "https://gestis-database.dguv.de/data?name=012710",
  "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6325",
  "IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch.7 Supplementary Material, Table 7.SM.7 (https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter07_SM.pdf)",
  "HITRAN/NIST IR band positions (approximate centre of the strongest band used for NDIR; https://hitran.org, https://webbook.nist.gov)"
 ]
}